Pathogen
A microorganism that causes disease. It can spread through contact air or bodily fluids.
Sterilization
A process that destroys all microorganisms. It is used for surgical instruments and critical equipment.
Disinfection
A method that reduces harmful microorganisms on surfaces. It helps prevent infection spread.
Isolation
Separating individuals to prevent transmission of infection. It protects both the person and others.
Standard Precautions
Basic infection control practices used for all individuals. They include hand hygiene and protective equipment.
Transmission
The way an infection spreads from one person to another. It can occur through contact droplets or air.
Vector
An organism that carries and spreads disease. Examples include insects and rodents.
Host
An organism that can be infected by a pathogen. Host factors influence disease severity.
Contamination
The presence of harmful microorganisms on surfaces or objects. It increases infection risk.
Hand Hygiene
Cleaning hands to remove germs. It is the most effective way to prevent infection.
Personal Protective Equipment
Items worn to reduce exposure to hazards. Examples include gloves gowns and masks.
Aseptic Technique
Practices that prevent contamination during procedures. It helps protect vulnerable individuals.
Colonization
The presence of bacteria without causing illness. It can still contribute to spread.
Outbreak
A sudden increase in cases of a disease. It requires rapid response to control.
Antibiotic Resistance
A condition where bacteria no longer respond to medications. It makes infections harder to treat.
Fomite
An object that can carry infectious agents. Examples include doorknobs and medical equipment.
Airborne Precautions
Measures used to prevent spread of infections through the air. They require specialized masks.
Droplet Precautions
Measures used to prevent spread through respiratory droplets. They include masks and distancing.
Contact Precautions
Measures used to prevent spread through direct or indirect contact. They include gloves and gowns.
Incubation Period
The time between exposure and symptom onset. It varies by disease.