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Premium

The amount paid regularly to maintain insurance coverage. It may be paid monthly quarterly or yearly.

Deductible

The amount a person must pay out of pocket before insurance begins to cover costs. Higher deductibles often mean lower premiums.

Copayment

A fixed amount paid for a service such as a doctor visit. It helps share costs between the person and the insurer.

Coinsurance

A percentage of costs paid after the deductible is met. It varies by plan.

Out of Pocket Maximum

The most a person will pay in a year for covered services. After reaching it insurance pays all remaining costs.

Network

A group of providers who contract with an insurance plan. Staying in network usually costs less.

Preauthorization

Approval required before receiving certain services. It ensures the service is medically necessary.

Claim

A request for payment submitted to insurance. It covers services already provided.

Coverage

The services and treatments included in an insurance plan. Coverage varies widely.

Exclusion

A service not covered by insurance. It must be paid fully out of pocket.

Benefit Period

The time frame during which coverage applies. It is often one year.

Provider

A healthcare professional or facility that delivers services. Providers may be in or out of network.

Primary Care Provider

A main doctor who coordinates care. Some plans require choosing one.

Specialist

A doctor with advanced training in a specific area. Visits may require referrals.

Referral

A written order to see a specialist. Some plans require referrals to cover costs.

Formulary

A list of medications covered by insurance. It may include different cost levels.

Enrollment Period

The time when people can sign up for insurance. Missing it may delay coverage.

Explanation of Benefits

A document that shows what insurance paid. It is not a bill.

Preventive Services

Care that helps avoid illness. Many plans cover these at no cost.

Appeal

A request to review a denied claim. It allows people to challenge insurance decisions.

Hazard

Something that can cause harm. It may be physical or chemical.

Risk

The chance of harm occurring. It depends on exposure.

PPE

Equipment that protects against hazards. Examples include gloves and masks.

Ergonomics

Designing tasks to reduce strain. It improves comfort.

Injury Prevention

Actions that reduce accident risk. They improve safety.

Emergency Plan

A strategy for responding to crises. It helps protect people.

Evacuation

Leaving an unsafe area. It must be done quickly.

Fire Safety

Practices that reduce fire risk. They include alarms and extinguishers.

First Aid

Immediate care for injury. It helps stabilize the person.

Incident Report

A document describing an unusual event. It supports improvement.

Sharps Safety

Practices that prevent needle injuries. They protect workers.

Chemical Safety

Rules for handling chemicals. They prevent exposure.

Lockout Tagout

A system that prevents equipment from starting. It protects workers.

Fall Prevention

Steps that reduce fall risk. They include railings and training.

Workplace Assessment

A review of safety conditions. It identifies hazards.

Training

Education that teaches safe practices. It improves awareness.

Compliance

Following safety rules. It reduces risk.

Exposure

Contact with a hazard. It may cause harm.

Safety Culture

Shared values that prioritize safety. It improves outcomes.

Reporting

Sharing information about hazards. It helps prevent future incidents.

Epidemiology

The study of disease patterns. It helps guide prevention.

Outbreak

A sudden increase in disease cases. It requires rapid response.

Pandemic

A disease that spreads across countries. It affects large populations.

Surveillance

Monitoring health data. It helps detect trends.

Prevention

Actions that reduce disease risk. Examples include vaccines.

Health Promotion

Activities that encourage healthy behaviors. They improve well being.

Risk Factor

A trait that increases disease likelihood. It may be behavioral or genetic.

Immunity

The body’s ability to resist infection. It may be natural or acquired.

Quarantine

Separating people exposed to disease. It helps prevent spread.

Isolation

Separating sick individuals. It protects others.

Vector

An organism that spreads disease. Examples include mosquitoes.

Transmission

The way disease spreads. It may be through air contact or fluids.

Incubation Period

The time between exposure and symptoms. It varies by disease.

Morbidity

The rate of illness in a population. It helps measure impact.

Mortality

The rate of death in a population. It helps assess severity.

Screening

Tests that detect disease early. They improve outcomes.

Intervention

Actions taken to improve health. They may be individual or community based.

Health Equity

Fair access to health resources. It reduces disparities.

Policy

A rule that guides health decisions. It affects communities.

Community Health

The well being of a group of people. It depends on resources and environment.

Chronic Condition

A long lasting health issue. It often requires ongoing care.

Management Plan

A strategy for controlling symptoms. It helps improve quality of life.

Exacerbation

A sudden worsening of symptoms. It may require treatment.

Remission

A period when symptoms improve. It may be temporary or long term.

Monitoring

Regular checks to track health. It helps detect changes early.

Medication Adherence

Taking medication as prescribed. It improves outcomes.

Lifestyle Modification

Changes in habits to improve health. Examples include diet and exercise.

Self Management

Actions taken by the person to control their condition. It increases independence.

Complication

A new problem caused by a condition. It may require treatment.

Risk Factor

A trait that increases disease likelihood. Examples include smoking or inactivity.

Prevention

Steps taken to avoid disease. It includes healthy habits.

Screening

Tests that detect disease early. They improve outcomes.

Symptom Control

Actions that reduce discomfort. It helps maintain daily function.

Education

Information that helps people understand their condition. It supports self care.

Follow Up

Regular appointments to monitor progress. They help adjust treatment.

Care Coordination

Organizing services across providers. It improves continuity.

Chronic Pain

Long lasting discomfort. It may require multiple treatments.

Support System

People who provide emotional or practical help. Strong support improves outcomes.

Quality of Life

A measure of well being. It includes physical and emotional health.

Progression

The worsening of a condition over time. It varies by disease.

Physical Therapy

Treatment that improves movement and strength. It helps restore function.

Occupational Therapy

Therapy that helps people perform daily activities. It focuses on independence.

Speech Therapy

Treatment that improves communication and swallowing. It supports recovery after illness.

Range of Motion

The amount of movement a joint can perform. It helps assess flexibility.

Strength Training

Exercises that build muscle power. It supports mobility.

Gait Training

Practice that improves walking ability. It helps prevent falls.

Assistive Device

A tool that helps with movement. Examples include walkers and canes.

Adaptive Equipment

Tools that help with daily tasks. They increase independence.

Balance Training

Exercises that improve stability. They reduce fall risk.

Coordination

The ability to move smoothly and accurately. Therapy helps improve it.

Endurance

The ability to sustain activity. It improves with exercise.

Mobility

The ability to move independently. Rehabilitation helps restore it.

Functional Task

A daily activity practiced in therapy. It supports independence.

Therapeutic Exercise

Movements designed to improve function. They are tailored to the person.

Manual Therapy

Hands on techniques used by therapists. They help reduce pain and improve mobility.

Home Exercise Program

Exercises done at home. They support progress between sessions.

Reconditioning

The process of rebuilding strength after illness. It improves activity tolerance.

Progression

Gradually increasing activity difficulty. It helps build strength safely.

Recovery

The process of regaining function. It varies by individual.

Goal Setting

Creating targets for therapy. It guides treatment.

Acute Pain

Pain that begins suddenly. It usually has a clear cause.

Chronic Pain

Pain that lasts for a long period. It may continue after healing.

Nociceptive Pain

Pain caused by tissue damage. It is often described as aching or throbbing.

Neuropathic Pain

Pain caused by nerve damage. It may feel like burning or tingling.

Referred Pain

Pain felt in a different area from the source. It can make diagnosis difficult.

Pain Scale

A tool used to measure pain intensity. It helps guide treatment.

Analgesic

A medication used to relieve pain. It may be mild or strong.

Opioid

A strong pain medication. It must be used carefully.

Nonpharmacologic Therapy

A pain treatment that does not use medication. Examples include heat cold and massage.

Tolerance

A reduced response to medication over time. It may require dose adjustment.

Dependence

A condition where the body adapts to medication. Stopping suddenly may cause symptoms.

Breakthrough Pain

A sudden increase in pain. It may require additional treatment.

Inflammation

Swelling and redness caused by injury. It can increase pain.

Trigger Point

A sensitive area in muscle. Pressing it may cause pain.

Radiating Pain

Pain that spreads from one area to another. It often follows nerve pathways.

Comfort Measures

Actions that increase relaxation. They help reduce pain.

Ice Therapy

The use of cold to reduce swelling. It helps numb pain.

Heat Therapy

The use of warmth to relax muscles. It improves circulation.

Distraction

A technique that shifts focus away from pain. It helps reduce discomfort.

Relaxation Technique

A method that reduces tension. It helps manage pain.

Pulmonary Rehab

A program that helps people with lung disease improve function. It includes exercise and education.

Breathing Exercises

Techniques that improve lung efficiency. They help reduce shortness of breath.

Pursed Lip Breathing

A method that slows breathing. It helps keep airways open longer.

Diaphragmatic Breathing

A technique that strengthens the diaphragm. It improves oxygen intake.

Endurance Training

Exercises that build stamina. It helps people stay active longer.

Oxygen Therapy

The use of supplemental oxygen. It helps maintain safe oxygen levels.

Spirometer

A device that measures lung function. It helps track progress.

Airway Clearance

Techniques that help remove mucus. They improve breathing and reduce infection risk.

Energy Conservation

Strategies to reduce fatigue during activities. They help people manage daily tasks.

Dyspnea Scale

A tool that measures breathing difficulty. It helps monitor symptoms.

Pulmonary Function Test

A test that measures how well the lungs work. It helps diagnose lung conditions.

COPD

A chronic lung disease that makes breathing difficult. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Asthma

A condition that causes airway inflammation. It can lead to wheezing and shortness of breath.

Inhaler

A device that delivers medication to the lungs. It helps open airways.

Nebulizer

A machine that turns medication into mist. It helps people who cannot use inhalers.

Bronchodilator

A medication that relaxes airway muscles. It helps improve airflow.

Exacerbation

A sudden worsening of symptoms. It may require medical treatment.

Oxygen Saturation

A measure of oxygen in the blood. Low levels indicate breathing problems.

Reconditioning

The process of rebuilding strength after illness. It helps improve activity tolerance.

Activity Modification

Adjusting tasks to reduce strain. It helps people stay independent.

Hearing Loss

A reduced ability to hear sounds. It may be mild moderate or severe.

Tinnitus

A ringing or buzzing sound in the ears. It may be constant or occasional.

Audiogram

A chart that shows hearing ability. It helps diagnose hearing loss.

Decibel

A unit that measures sound intensity. Higher levels indicate louder sounds.

Frequency

The pitch of a sound. High frequencies sound higher in tone.

Cochlea

A spiral shaped structure in the inner ear. It converts sound into nerve signals.

Ear Canal

The passage that carries sound to the eardrum. It helps direct sound waves.

Eardrum

A thin membrane that vibrates with sound. It helps transmit sound to the middle ear.

Hearing Aid

A device that amplifies sound. It helps people with hearing loss.

Balance System

The inner ear structures that help maintain stability. Problems can cause dizziness.

Vertigo

A sensation of spinning or movement. It may indicate inner ear issues.

Conductive Loss

Hearing loss caused by problems in the outer or middle ear. It may be temporary.

Sensorineural Loss

Hearing loss caused by inner ear or nerve damage. It is often permanent.

Mixed Loss

A combination of conductive and sensorineural loss. It requires specialized treatment.

Otoscope

A tool used to examine the ear canal. It helps detect blockages or infection.

Earwax

A natural substance that protects the ear. Too much can block hearing.

Speech Recognition

The ability to understand spoken words. It helps assess communication ability.

Noise Exposure

Loud sounds that can damage hearing. Long exposure increases risk.

Tympanogram

A test that measures eardrum movement. It helps diagnose middle ear problems.

Implant

A device placed in the ear to improve hearing. It is used when hearing aids are not enough.

Cornea

The clear front surface of the eye. It helps focus light.

Retina

The layer at the back of the eye that senses light. It sends signals to the brain.

Lens

A clear structure that focuses light onto the retina. It changes shape to adjust vision.

Pupil

The opening in the center of the eye. It controls how much light enters.

Iris

The colored part of the eye. It adjusts the pupil size.

Optic Nerve

The nerve that carries visual signals to the brain. Damage can affect vision.

Cataract

A clouding of the lens. It can cause blurry vision.

Glaucoma

A condition where pressure damages the optic nerve. It can lead to vision loss.

Macula

The central part of the retina. It provides sharp detailed vision.

Floaters

Small spots seen in vision. They are usually harmless but can indicate issues.

Visual Acuity

A measure of clarity of vision. It is often tested with an eye chart.

Peripheral Vision

Side vision outside the central focus. Loss may indicate eye disease.

Refraction

The bending of light as it enters the eye. It determines the need for glasses.

Astigmatism

A condition where the cornea is irregularly shaped. It causes blurred vision.

Nearsightedness

A condition where close objects are clear but distant ones are blurry. It is also called myopia.

Farsightedness

A condition where distant objects are clear but close ones are blurry. It is also called hyperopia.

Dry Eye

A condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears. It can cause irritation.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the eye lining. It can cause redness and discharge.

Ophthalmoscope

A tool used to examine the inside of the eye. It helps detect disease.

Field Test

A test that measures peripheral vision. It helps diagnose glaucoma.

Epidermis

The outer layer of skin. It protects the body from the environment.

Dermis

The layer beneath the epidermis. It contains nerves and blood vessels.

Subcutaneous Tissue

The deepest layer of skin. It stores fat and provides insulation.

Lesion

An abnormal change in skin. It may indicate injury or disease.

Rash

A change in skin appearance. It may cause redness or itching.

Itching

An uncomfortable sensation that causes scratching. It may indicate irritation.

Bruise

Discoloration caused by bleeding under the skin. It usually heals over time.

Blister

A fluid filled bubble on the skin. It may result from friction or burns.

Burn

Damage to skin caused by heat chemicals or electricity. Severity varies.

Dryness

A lack of moisture in the skin. It may cause flaking or cracking.

Eczema

A condition that causes dry itchy skin. It may flare up over time.

Psoriasis

A condition that causes thick scaly patches. It is chronic.

Acne

A skin condition caused by clogged pores. It may include pimples or cysts.

Hives

Raised itchy welts on the skin. They may result from allergies.

Mole

A dark spot on the skin. Changes may require evaluation.

Sunburn

Skin damage caused by ultraviolet light. It may cause redness and pain.

Hydration

The moisture level of the skin. Proper hydration improves appearance.

Exfoliation

The removal of dead skin cells. It helps improve texture.

Scar

A mark left after healing. It may fade over time.

Irritation

Redness or discomfort caused by friction or chemicals. It may require treatment.